The Difficulty of Predicting Eastern Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe in Lowland Black Spruce: Model Benchmarking in Northern Minnesota, USA
نویسندگان
چکیده
Insects, fungi, and diseases play an important role in forest stand development subsequently, management decisions treatments. As these disturbance agents commonly occur within across landscapes, modeling has often been used to inform planning decisions. However, models are rarely benchmarked, leaving questions about their utility. Here, we assessed the predictive performance of a Bayesian hierarchical model through on–the-ground sampling explore what features structure or composition may be factors related eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum Peck) presence lowland black (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.). Twenty-five state-owned stands included were sampled during 2019 2020 growing seasons. Within each stand, data mistletoe, structure, species collected. The accurately predicted occurrence for 13 25 stands. amount living dead basal area differed significantly based on prediction observed infestation, but trees per hectare, total area, diameter at breast height, age, richness not different. Our results highlight benefits benchmarking improve interpretation as well our understanding health problems diverse conditions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Forests
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1999-4907']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070843